ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ืจืงื™ื ื•ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช?

ื”ื‘ื ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช: ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื•, ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืจืฉืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื – ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— – ื”ืฉื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื, ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืงื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื—, ื›ืœ ืืœืžื ื˜, ืžื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ื”ื–ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขื“ ืœืขืฆื™ื ื”ื ื™ืฉืื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื•, ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ.

ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช

ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ (ื—ื™) ื• ืื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื (ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื). ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื“ืžื”, ืืงืœื™ื, ืžื™ื ื•ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ. ื™ื—ื“, ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื™ืขื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื›ืจื™ืขื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื™ื—ื“.

ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”: ืงื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื ืจืชืžื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืชื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืžื—ื™ื. ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืžืืจื’ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืžื™ืจื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉืžืฉ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืžื™ืฉื”. ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื™ ืขืฉื‘, ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื•ืื•ื›ืœื™ ื›ืœ, ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื ื™. ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืชื›ืœื” ืžืชืคืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืคืจืงื™ื, ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ืื ื˜ื™ื: ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช

ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื. ื”ืœื•ืœืื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื• – ืื—ืช ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื – ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ, ื”ื—ื ืงืŸ ื•ื”ื–ืจื—ืŸ. ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื–ื ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืจืงืข ื•ืืœ ื”ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.

ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื“ื™ ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™

ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ืฉื‘ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื – ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืขื“ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช – ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžื›ืœื•ืœ. ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื•ืžื˜ืคื— ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืื‘ืงื”, ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื•ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืžื™ื.

ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช

ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจืก ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื, ื“ื™ื’ ื™ืชืจ ืื• ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœืคืชื— ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœื ื•. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ืขื•ืช ืžื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื—ื“ืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื. ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ื”ืฉื•ืืคืช ืœืชืงืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืคื’ืขื•, ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื—ื•ืกื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžืจ ืื•ืชื•.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ, ื’ื•ืจื ืืงืœื™ื ื•ืืœืžื ื˜ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื”. ื”ื‘ื ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื” ื•ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืจื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื“ืข ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื–ื•ื, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.

ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ืจืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช?

ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.

ื‘ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”. ื—ืจืงื™ื ื• ืืจื›ื ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœื, ืืš ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™. ืžืชืขืžืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื, ืžื’ืœื™ื ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ืงื”

ื—ืจืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืžืœื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช, ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื. ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžืงืœื™ื ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืื‘ืงื” ืžืคืจื— ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•. ืคืขื•ืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื–ืจืขื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.

ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื

ืคืจืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื›ื ืคื™ ื”ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื. ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืืžื™ืฆื™ื ืืœื” ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืฉืื ืœื ื™ื™ื‘ื“ืงื•, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื. ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฆื™ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.

ืžืคืจืงื™ื: ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข

ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื–ื‘ืœ, ื˜ืจืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืชืคืจืงื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื“ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืก, ื—ืจืงื™ื ืืœื” ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื“ืžื”, ื•ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืฆืžื™ื—ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ื”ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื.

ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืขื•ืœื

ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืจืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื ื•ืงื ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื ื•ืœื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื. ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืกืคืง ืžื—ืกื” ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.

ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช

ื—ืจืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื – ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื—ืจืงื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ื•ืฉื•ืคืขืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืื•ืชืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ, ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขืงื‘ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื, ื”ืจืก ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื.

ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืคืจื•ืงื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื“ื•-ื—ื™ื™ื, ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืฃ, ืืœื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื“ืจืš ืžืืจื’ ืžื–ื•ืŸ.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชืจื•ืžืชื ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ื•ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื”, ื”ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื. ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจื ืืœื ื’ื ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื.

ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช

ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืขื ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืื‘ืงื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื•ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืื•ืœื™ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขื ืงื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื. ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืกืชืžื›ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ืคืœืื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืืœื”. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ืกืก ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.

ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ืงื”

ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.

ื”ืื‘ืงื”, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•, ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื›ืื‘ืŸ ืคื™ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™. ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืขืฆื ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžื–ืžื–ืžื•ืช ื•ืคืจืคืจื™ื ืžืจืคืจืคื™ื – ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ืื‘ืงื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ืื‘ืงื” ืžื”ืื ื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื›ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื— ืœืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื” ื”ื ืฉื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ืจืขื™ื ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืœื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—.

ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืื‘ืงื”: ืžื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœืจื•ื—

ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื—ื“-ืฆื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืชืคื™ืกื” ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ื—ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ึทืึฒื‘ึธืงึธื” ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื˜ืื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื-ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื™ื. ื›ืœ ืžืื‘ื™ืง ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืคืจื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื–ืง ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืกื ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฆืžื—ื™ื.

  • ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื: ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื—ื•ื’ื’ื•ืช ื›ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื, ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืฆื•ืฃ, ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืื‘ืงื” ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืคืจื™ื—ื” ืื—ืช ืœืื—ืจืช.
  • ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื: ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ื•ื ืงื™ ื“ื‘ืฉ, ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื”ืื‘ืงืช ืคืจื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจื ื”ื“ืง.
  • ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื: ื‘ื”ืื‘ืงื” ืœื™ืœื™ืช, ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžืงืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื’ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจ.
  • ืจื•ึผื—ึท: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืจื•ื— ืคื•ืขืœืช ื›ืฉืœื™ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืจื’ื™ืจื™ ืื‘ืงื”, ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื™ื ื™ื ืขื ืื‘ืงื” ืงืœื”, ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืชืืžื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช.

ืกื™ื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื—

ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ืกื™ื ืจื’ื™ื”. ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ืชื•ืจื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืœืœื• ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื—, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคืจืก ื›ืžื• ืฆื•ืฃ, ืžื—ืกื” ืื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ.

ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื

ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ืงื”, ื”ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืชืงื“ื™ื. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”, ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืขืงื‘ ืขื™ื•ืจ, ื•ืืชื’ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชื ืื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืคืจื™ื—ื” ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช, ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืกื™ืžื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”. ื–ื” ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื, ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืชื ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืื‘ืงื”, ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืขื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœืืžืฅ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื. ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื, ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื™. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ืืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืœื ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื›ืœื•ืœ.

ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื“ื

ืœืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืกื‘ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ืงื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช, ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืื‘ืงื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืื• ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื™ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ืืœื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืœ ื™ื™ื ืชืง ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื“ื.

ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช

ื”ืื‘ืงื” ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช; ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช. ืžืืžืฆื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื. ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื™ื“ืข ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•.

ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ
ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฉืคื˜ื™